Diagnosing autoimmune limbic encephalitis

Spontaneously resolving seronegative autoimmune limbic encephalitis.

OBJECTIVE We describe a patient with seronegative autoimmune limbic encephalitis (SNALE) masquerading as glioma. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, distinctive pathological findings, and spontaneous remission are highlighted. BACKGROUND There are 15 previously reported SNALE cases, 1 with pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 66-year-old man presented with prominent amnestic...

Autoimmune limbic encephalitis causing fits, rapidly progressive confusion and hyponatraemia.

A 78-year-old woman presented with a short history of confusion and seizures and was found to be hyponatraemic. Routine investigations failed to find a cause. Magnetic resonance imaging showed encephalitic changes in the temporal lobes, and voltage-gated potassium-channel antibodies were found in her blood in high titre. Although rare, this condition is important because it may respond to immun...

Autoimmune limbic encephalitis in 39 patients: immunophenotypes and outcomes.

BACKGROUND About 40% of patients with limbic encephalitis do not have detectable CNS antibodies. Some of these patients have immune-mediated limbic encephalitis, but their frequency is unknown. AIMS (1) To determine the spectrum of limbic encephalitis identified on clinical grounds in a single institution, and compare it with that in patients referred for antibody analysis. (2) To correlate c...

Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis Associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Impaired Autonomic Responses to Emotional Stimuli in Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis

Limbic encephalitis (LE) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder that affects structures of the limbic system, in particular, the amygdala. The amygdala constitutes a brain area substantial for processing of emotional, especially fear-related signals. The amygdala is also involved in neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, including skin conductance responses (SCRs) to emotionally arousing stimuli. ...